Volkswagen, Toyota, Nissan and Honda

The car business delivers and sells engine vehicles, which are merchandise. It is one of the most elevated income creating businesses in the world.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Volkswagen, Toyota, Nissan and Honda explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Approximately 80.1 million vehicles were delivered in 2011. The significant business players are Volkswagen, Toyota, Nissan and Honda. (OICA, 2012) Company foundation Audi is a car maker situated in Germany; it makes a wide scope of vehicles. Volkswagen AG as an auxiliary claims Audi as a brand. The four rings in the Audis image speak to the 1932 amalgamation of the four brands that framed the Auto-association AG. The four brands were The Saxon brands of Audi and Horch from Zwickau, Wanderer from Chemnitz and DKW from Zschopau (Audi, 2012). Toyota Motor Corporation is the maker of Toyota Land cruiser S.U.V. Toyota has its central command in Toyota city, Aichi, Japan. Toyota bargains in the car, mec hanical autonomy and money related administrations ventures. It is the biggest automaker in the business. Toyota was established in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda, and has developed on since the creation of AA Sedan in 1936 to turn into the biggest vehicle make on the planet (Toyota, 2012). Item outline The games utility vehicles will be vehicles expand on light truck body and are joined by a four-wheel drive for on and rough terrain use.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Toyota land cruiser is a vehicle intended to meet rough terrain needs and urban streets. It is additionally extravagant vehicles. This is clear as, it has a V8 motor, which empowers it to have rough terrain capacities. Likewise, it is lavish and can convey up to eight travelers. It has a $77,955 sticker price (Toyota, 2012). Audi S.U.V A6 all street is a vehicle that is lavish, and gives a rough terrain expe rience as well, it is less expensive contrasted with the Toyota land cruiser S.U.V. Is offers more efficiency when contrasted with the land cruiser as it has a $70,000 sticker price (Audi, 2012) Strategic showcasing Strategic advertising is the utilization of a company’s vital designs to advertise its items. It involves the organization to recognizing zones where a firm has a feasible serious edge over different firms in the market and it use them as their promoting technique. (Procto, 2000) Macro ecological powers These natural powers are outside the association. They influence ventures as wells as individual associations. The association has practically no power over these powers. They incorporate the accompanying among others: legislative issues, financial matters, social variables, innovation, Environment and the legitimate systems (Pride Farrell 2012). Small scale natural powers Microenvironment is the authoritative condition. It involves the internalities of the associa tion that is the powers the association has some authority over. They incorporate among others, workers, Trade associations, neighborhood network, providers and clients (Pride Farrell 2012). SWOT investigation SWOT examination is the investigation of qualities, shortcomings openings and dangers a firm is confronting. It includes taking a gander at factors that are both inside just as outside the firm.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Volkswagen, Toyota, Nissan and Honda explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strengths and shortcomings are factors that influence the associations inner condition, while openings and dangers influence the associations outer condition. An examination of these elements is significant in planning corporate vital arrangement and the showcasing and situating plan for an item (Procto, 2000). Market division Market division is the partitioning of the market into particular subsets of clients who are moderately homogeneous with the goal that particular promoting blend procedures can be created to make sure about each market (Pride Farrell 2012). Target markets Target markets are the business sectors wherein a firm needs to sell its merchandise and enterprises. The firm picks the market portions it needs to work in as indicated by its capacities. This ought to be founded on their present use, their potential for future development, and competitors’ qualities (Procto, 2000). Situating technique Positioning is the procedure by which an organization builds up a picture of its items in the psyches of the client comparative with the picture of the competitors’ item offering. Situating technique are the procedures that the firm is utilizing to situate itself in the brains of their customers (Procto, 2000).Advertising Searching for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Toyota S.U.V cruiser and Audi S.U.V A6 are situated as premium class vehicles. They are offered to the upper end markets, where shoppers need rich vehicles for now and again street use. Proposals This is where the suggestions about the report recorded. In the suggestion area, the author makes his proposals dependent on the realities preset in the report. The proposals give recommendation on potential answers for what the report looks to accomplish (Bentley 2003). References Audi Worldwide Home. (n.d.). Audi of America Luxury Has Progressed . Recovered from https://www.audi.com/en.html Bentley, T. J. (2003). Report writing in business: the powerful correspondence of data (Repr. ed.). London: Elsevier. OICA. (n.d.). OICA . Recovered from http://www.oica.net/Pride, W. M., Ferrell, O. C. (2012). Advertising (2012 ed.). Artisan, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Delegate, T. (2000). Vital Marketing An Introduction.. New York: Routledge. Toyota Motor Corporation worldwide site. (n.d.). Toyota Motor Corporation worldwide This report on Volkswagen, Toyota, Nissan and Honda was composed and put together by client Giovani I. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Why Have Paper and Pen to Write on?

Why Have Paper and Pen to Write on?It is generally accepted that paper and pen to write on are a time-consuming way of creating a document. But there are some people who choose not to have this equipment in their homes. These people are really lucky and without this amazing invention, they would not be able to go about with their daily activities.One interesting thing about the invention of this device is that it actually helps you make great use of space. The invention made available to you is designed so that it is so compact that it can be folded and stored in a small pocket or purse. This gadget also helps you bring it anywhere you need it.There are many different shapes and sizes of these inventions. They are made of paper or foam so you do not have to worry about it losing its shape. This makes it very convenient for you to carry.With this writing utensil, you are going to be able to start a good habit of writing. As you continue to do this, you will be able to see your handwri ting improve. This habit is something that you will want to repeat all the time.You can use this to your advantage as you will be using it as a form of stress relief. Imagine how you can use a device like this for getting yourself and your hands away from those thoughts that get in the way of finishing a task. Stress is something that most people deal with every day and you can really help yourself and others by learning to cope with stress using this device.Think about how much more stress free you will be if you do not have to worry about whether your handwriting is any good or not. All you have to do is to sit down and take the time to write your thoughts. Then write another thing and another.This device will help you stay focused on what you are doing and not allow the distractions that you may find in other writing implements. You can rest assured that when you do your writing, you will have good results. It is also important that you get the best quality paper for this device. You need to make sure that you get the highest quality paper for this thing. You want to get the best looking one you can afford. That way you can be sure that your writing will look good on your screen and people will be impressed by your work.

The Third Parent :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Third Parent Once there was a princess who was brought into the world with three guardians a flawless mother, a superb dad, and a third who was not one or the other. The princess lived with her mom and father in a humble yet enchanting little manor close to the ocean. The third parent lived inside the princess' head. The princess didn't understand the presence of this parent for a long while. It had concealed itself somewhere down in her mind, sticking around for its chance, sitting tight for exactly the correct second. It benefited from her mystery fears and shortcomings and became solid on them. It watched her actual guardians subtly through the princess' honest eyes, hanging tight for them to turn away for only one second. They appeared to be probably not going to do as such, as the princess was enormously loved and all around thought about. In the princess' ninth year, be that as it may, the second showed up. It was not the genuine guardians' flaw. They were just human. All things considered, it was somewhat terrible. The princess was, commonly, a merry little soul. She wanted to sing and move and play in the patio with her more youthful sibling and the regal pets. When not at play in the sun, she was similarly cheerful resigning to her bright yellow room, where the shades were giggling daisies and infant creatures frolicked on the dividers. There she would rest with a heap of books given her by the Old King, her's dad, and read cheerily for a considerable length of time. One day the youthful lord and sovereign needed to confront a pitiful issue, and for only one second their consideration was abandoned their girl. The princess came into her room one day to discover her mom sobbing. When explained to the motivation behind why, the princess needed to sob as well, however proved unable. At that time when her most profound dread had been understood, the Third Parent arrived at its full quality. No crying, it said to her. What's more, no talking. It shooed the sovereign out of the little yellow room and, utilizing the princess' own hands, bolted the entryway behind her. There the princess stayed as a detainee to the Third Parent. The creatures on the divider stopped their cavorting. The daisies did not snicker anymore. The sun vanished from the window and the air developed substantial and still. Unfeelingly, the princess crossed the obscured space to look into her mirror. She felt so cold and odd, she needed to check whether her appearance had changed.

Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon, A Jewish Scholar, Astrologer And...

Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon, commonly known as Maimonides or by the acronym RaMBaM, was a Jewish scholar, astrologer and physician of the twelfth century considered to be one of Judaism’s greatest sages. His revolutionary publications were essential in the development of the Shulchan Aruch, the practiced Code of Jewish Law and maintaining Jewish continuity throughout the ages. Maimonides was born in 1135 in Cordoba, Spain to his mother and father, Rabbi Maimon, and would go on to study medicine and philosophy in unison with his religious studies. From a young age, Maimonides’ father mentored him in the teachings of the Talmud, Torah, Jewish philosophy and secular sciences. His education in these areas would eventually fuel his writings. In 1148, when Maimonides was just 13, a Sunni Muslim Caliphate movement called the Almohades invaded Southern Spain, and he and his family were forced to flee their hometown. The Almohades invasion marked the end of the ‘Golden Age’ of Jewish culture in Spain, where although Jews were not fist class citizens, they lived free of persecution and were able to conduct businesses and lead relatively peaceful lives. The Almohades invasion put great pressure on its Jewish inhabitants, posing a serious threat to Jewish continuity. Many religious institutions dissolved, including synagogues and yeshivas, and Sharia Law now dictated everyday life for Christians and Jews of Spain. Non-Muslims were given the choice to convert to Islam or die - or else go

What is Social Psychology - 1827 Words

Essay Title: Social Psychology Social psychology is a broad concept which has underlying elements of studying on how we behave, foresee and feel. Myers (2011) agrees that social psychologist investigates these connections by studying on how we persuade others and how we relate to other humans. Miller (2004) stated that majority of social psychologist would acknowledge that the perspective of social psychology is one that emphasises the social changes in the environment from the influence of individual. Kassin, Fein and Markus (2013) argues that humans are really fascinated about social interaction and personal relationships, which the social context can have an immense influence on our lives. Furthermore, social psychology†¦show more content†¦Slee, Campbell, Spears(2012) stated that Charles Darwin developed a significant evidence of observing the connections between animals and human species; by investigating and analysing children, therefore he got an better understanding on social impact of human behaviour. Naturalistic observation is valuable technique utilised as research method which are commonly employed by psychologist and social scientist. Naturalistic observations were used by Charles Darwin during his research on chimpanzee; nonetheless, Charles Darwin was so fascinated by observing how primates and humans are acting in similar ways and having influence to another. Gomez( 2006)argues naturalistic observations of primates show that how certain objects is intrinsic part of primate lives, from simple food collecting process as taking certain organic fruits. Naturalistic observations can be very useful to observe on why people engage in extreme sports in few different settings, which is all about social psychology, because people that engage in different extreme sports have been influenced by others or want to be perceived in certain way in a society; which can stem from peer pressure and wanting to preoccupy their leisure times to enjoy themselves through adrenaline and risk taking sports. Some people would prearrange toShow MoreRelatedWhat ´s Social Psychology? Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesSocial psychology is a scientific-based study which is used to examine and explain how an individual’s thoughts and feelings affect their behaviour within a society; how the members socially interact, including their motives; and what influences these members have on each other. This essay will endeavour to introduce the key psychologists, their theories and the idiographic research they conducted. 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Social psychologyRead MoreSocial Psychology And Multiculturalism1714 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Psychology has become an integrated part of our real life. Psychology affects life under different theories and identifications. For example, social psychology and multiculturalism work together to create the social change people aspire to. However, social psychology, according to Jahoda (2016), cannot explain the link between the social behavior and the social norms of the society and culture. Hence, social psychology could be a challenge when a person tries other cultures. Furthermore

The Non Christian Holidays - 1783 Words

Eid is the most sacred and festive day for a Muslim such as myself. Time goes by in a flash, the fall semester had just begun and Eid was days away. Imagine my sadness that I would not be able to spend this special day with my family – I would have to go to class instead. Fordham is a Jesuit University that becomes more diverse every year as new students join the community. Change takes place on campus; however, does this change allow for equal privileges among all the students? Every year, thousands of freshmen enter the gates of Fordham University. Among these students, not all are Christian. Some are Jews, some Muslim, and some Hindu and Buddhist. As a Jesuit school, Fordham mainly recognizes Christian holidays as official holidays.†¦show more content†¦Diversity must be accepted and acknowledged as a change among the people for the university to flourish. We must understand that each of us are unique in our own ways; therefore, every student has something to offer to the university. Some are defined by their grades or social media, while others define themselves through their religious beliefs. The university must acknowledge the presence of change arising on campus so that every individual, Christian or not, receives equal benefits of being a part of the Fordham community. According to Cappex, Fordham stands to be predominately Roman Christian even with the large number of cultural groups on campus. What about the minority, are they not included? In 2011, Religious Preference of enrolled freshman out of 1,986 students are: 0.9% Buddhist, 0.9% Hindu, 2.0% Jewish, 2.0% Muslim, 50.5% Catholic, 2.6% Greek Orthodox, and 8.5% Protestant. As of 2015, out of 2,211 students there are 0.8% Buddhist, 1.4% Hindu, 2.3% Jewish, 4.0% Muslim, 48.8% Catholic, 1.8% Greek Orthodox, and 7.0% Protestant. After four years, the religious diversity among the students attending Fordham

Marketing for Green Kinetic Ltd- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMarketing for Green Kinetic Ltd. Answer: Marketing Mix To promote the device in the market, Green Kinetic Ltd needs to choose from the important factors from the 7 Ps marketing mix (Hollensen 2015). Once the company will be able to narrow down in any two factors, it will be able to get an idea about the exact customers who will be buying the device and the way it will help the organization to make proper business from the device (Babin and Zikmund 2015). The 7 Ps marketing mix that are available to Green Kinetic Ltd are: Product Promotion Price Place People Process Physical evidence Green Kinetic Ltd already have competitors present in the market and hence, they have to choose the best out of the 7 Ps marketing mix so that it will be able to stand out in the crowd. Green Kinetic Ltd will have to make the customers aware of the features of the device that makes them stand out than the other companies in the market (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). To make the people aware of the specialty of the company, they need to give special attention on the product (Lusch and Vargo 2014). The best way to attract the customers from the rival companies will be through the price (De Mooij 2013). Thus, the product and the price are the two things that Green Kinetic Ltd should concentrate on to stand out in the crowd. The audience should be made aware of the quality of the products that it do not require any extra energy and can generate energy of its own (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). The movement of the user will help them to generate electricity. The products should be able to attract the user as they have to make one time payment. The initial target for the products should be the people who are interested in physical fitness. The more the physical movements, the more electricity will the device will produce. However, the best part of the products is that it might not need that much movement that is needed by similar of device made by other companies. They have multiple layers chemical system that helps the device to produce more energy even with less movement. Thus, Green Kinetic Ltd should not keep the device targeted limited to targeting those people who make more movement, it should also be there for those people who might walk and may nor run or jump. The battery is made up of latest techn ology that it gets charged up easily with less energy. The product will help in generating electricity without any extra cost. In addition to this, the device will help the people in losing weight. If they want to generate more electricity, they can make more physical movements. It will help them staying fit and also help them in losing more energy. Thus, it can be cost cutting from more than one aspect. The will be able to save on the medical bill as well as able to generate energy free of cost. Pricing is another important factor that should be kept in mind while marketing any product (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). The customers have tendency to get attracted to those products that are priced less (Hartley and Claycomb 2013). However, the customers might not welcome huge price difference. The prices should be a little less than the price of the products of other competitors (Armstrong et al. 2014). Huge amount of difference will urge the customers to rethink on whether they should by the products of Green Kinetic Ltd. In addition to this, the value added services to the customers should be more than the ones provided by the competitors (Hollensen 2015). For example, if the competitors are giving the guarantee for the products for one year, Green Kinetic Ltd should give the guarantee for two years. The small differences will help Green Kinetic Ltd to get more customers than the competitors. The value added services like free servicing of the products should also be done more than the number of times dome by the competitors (Babin and Zikmund 2015). In this way, the customers will also get attracted to the products. The price that they will pay will also be for one time for buying the products. However, the price of the battery should cost less than the battery required for other devices. Green Kinetic Ltd should highlight the fact that the device will also help in keeping the doctors away. If they exercise more, the device will gain more energy and will be able to generate more electricity. Once the customers will come to know about the multiple advantages of the products, they will get attracted to the products (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). When the people are given something extra than they expect, the value of the products. Conclusions with Implications for the Company The products that is being introduced by Green Kinetic Ltd is revolution in the field of marketing. In a time, when the whole world in steeped in issues to save electricity and finding out ways of carrying out a business sustainably, Green Kinetic Ltd seem to have solved all issues. The product will not only generate extra energy but will also help the people to say fit. Even though, they have competitors in the market, yet their product can outnumber the products of the competitors. People who are not able to do much physical movement can also make use of the products as the high technology battery of Green Kinetic Ltd will generate electivity even in small movements. They also have to choose the right marketing mix factors to attract the customers. They should promote the product and the way it is better than the those of the competitors. It should also price the products intelligently. They should keep the cost lesser than the competitors but not very less. The value added service s should also be more than the ones given by the customers. References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Hartley, R.F. and Claycomb, C., 2013.Marketing mistakes and successes. Wiley. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge.

8 ways you can grow your creativity using academic writing services.

Creativity is the delicate balance of nature and nurture. It is not only a built-in quality but you can work on it to improve it. Writing is also a skill which can be improved by practicing different creative ideas. For this you have to make a habit of daily writing. Academic writing services can be a useful platform to enhance your creative and analytical skills for writing. You have to deliver different assignments of clients on daily basis which improve your knowledge and understanding for writing a lot. Enhance creative forms of expression: Academic writing service enhance your creative form of expression. Creativity and academic writings are two ends of spectrum and both cannot be separated. You learn how to use your original ideas as communicative tool. Academic writings are formal and structured but you u cannot deny the importance of creativity and imagination in writing. While developing ideas and brainstorming you have proper knowledge of color, shapes or design to represent your ideas. These ideas include; Story telling Creative writing Art Professional academic writing services provide you skill of presenting expression and creativity that meet the expectation of intellectual audiences. You get a proper understanding of involving creativity at different stages in the writing. Learn to place proper planning: While providing services for academic writings you learn how to organize your thoughts. Academic writing services teach you how to provide compelling information to the readers through imagery and emotions. To create conflict for the climax and resolve the conflict to support your idea becomes an easy task. You learn to pen down your thoughts in first draft and move towards the tone and approach. The approach of your writing can be; Narrative Analytical Descriptive Creativity and planning in writing is essential in almost all approaches of writing. You learn all the tricks how to grab the attention of the reader towards your writing. provide highly skilled professional writers who can provide you proper guidance and notes on plan-making. These notes can be very helpful for your academic writings. Build confidence for risk-taking: Many writers do not take risks of writing with variation and innovation. While best writing always involve emotional risk-taking. Writing for academic services you become mentally prepare for public scrutiny. You cannot stick to one type of writing in academic writing and risk taking become unavoidable. This helps you to build confidence in your writings and you create new ideas of writing on daily basis. The vast knowledge and experience make you a competitive writer and scholar in writing field. 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Provision of concrete source of evidence: When you write for academic writing you are supposed to provide proof of your work. You must deliver the client authentic work with no plagiarism. You learn how to maintain your standard and deliver quality work. Your writings become very much organized and formal. You provide concrete evidences to support your ideas. You know you should mention all the references and citations under; FootnotesEndnotesInclusive endsCited page You know answers of almost all the questions that raise in your mind. This behavior makes your work accurate and authentic. Quick organization of ideas: During academic writing services sometimes you have to write article on sudden basis. This makes you capable of taking pressure with patience and deliver work on-time. In timed assignments you do not get time for brainstorming or draft making. You have to write in one go. You build the ability of creating and executing ideas quickly.in this way you learn to create your personal opinion about the topic and develop the idea in no time. So, academic writing services play a very important role in enhancing your skills for creative writing. You get large capacity to take pressure which can help you to become a good writer. Improvement in different skills: Providing services for academic writing you start writing incredible content. You get a proper grip on basic principle of writing and learn that there are no shortcuts for an excellent piece of writing. while providing services you enhance following skills; Creative Analytical Imaginative Critical Reading is the name of trust. The highly professional consultants can help to improve your skills a lot. Learn to create interest in writing: Academic writing enhances your creativity that you learn to make every single piece o writing very informative and interesting. Interesting writing includes; Catchy lines Meaningful paragraphs Hook sentences Creation of conflict and humor

Indian Music and Culture essays

Indian Music and Culture essays Does Music influence you? Many Native Americans are influenced by Music in many of there tribes. Almost all Native American Music dancers and singers are characterized by there different ways of dancing, they types of instruments they play and what tribe there from. Some songs come from social and friendship trait. The songs Native Americans sing are more personal than others. Accompanied with music is always dance. When Natives have war with other tribes they do war songs and dances for a successful victory. The Native Americans would come up with there songs from earlier generations, Like there past time or there heritage. There ancestors would pass them down from generation to generation. The old Natives took there songs to the heart, and were affended if you made fun of, or if you tried to curse a song or dance that the tribe expresses. They instruments that the Natives used were hand made instruments. Wooden drums were real popular, it showed a great deal of stress and hard work. The way they pounded on the drum expressed the mood or the anger that was shown. The gourd rattles were made by hand, they were made by regular gourds, old ones that they didnt hardly ever use. The rattlers were made usually by rocks or beads from there necklace. The pow wows were mostly consisted of singing and allot of dancing that the Indians inherited and contributed to during there later parts of there life. The Natives were really particular about there POW wows. They kept them really close to heart and they kept them in the Tribe. They were really traditional about the POW wows. They didnt want any body messing with them and it was really sacred and quiet during ceremonies. The Natives were basically influenced by my music in several different ways from tradition, the different types of instruments they used and Along with all the other categories, Nativ...

Marketing and Sales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Marketing and Sales - Essay Example Finally the study will try to focus on different aspects of green technology required to manufacture an environment friendly phone. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Market Segmentation 4 Important Market Segments 5 Mainstream Segment and Niche Segment 6 Different Market Segments for Mobile Devices 7 Feature of Cell Phone for Green Buyer 9 References 11 Market Segmentation Business market can be described as heterogeneous environment. Consumer behavior plays a cordial role to justify the use of various market segmentation techniques. It is pretty much obvious that no product or service creates appeal for all customers. The companies need to understand the requirement of potential customers to design successful segmentation strategy. In simple words segmentation means filtering the target market according to income level, usage pattern, lifestyle, purchase pattern of customers. Price discrimination model of economics suggested that market segmentation increases the profitability r atio for the business (Gill & Crichton, 2011). Conceptual framework of any business strategy depends on understanding, fulfilling or even exceeding the needs of target segment. Centrality of market segmentation strategy depends on establishing equilibrium between product driven segmentation and market driven segmentation. ... Brand Asset Valuator model created by Young & Rubicam can be used as basis for product centric segmentation. (Source- Bavconsulting) Brand Asset Valuator model emphasizes on DEREK model to analyze performance of a particular brand. DEREK stands for D- differentiating factor of the product, E- energy of the brand in terms of meeting future market demand, R- relevance of the product in accordance with customer demand, E- esteem about the brand. Previous success stories for the brand, K- Customer knowledge about the product. Important Market Segments International Data Corporation (IDC) has divided consumer market of mobile in six segments in terms of usage pattern. 1- Tech Evangelists (Customers prefer to purchase new product integrated with state of art technology), 2- Impulse Buyers- (Customers who purchase the product in accordance with demand of situation), 3- Experimental Adopter- (Customer who like to purchase new product after series of experimental usage), 4- Pragmatic Purchase rs- (Customers who are very much rational in terms of purchase decision and they purchase the product after cost benefit analysis), 5- Green Buyers- (Customers who prefer product offered in an eco-friendly way and they try to create a social message of decreasing environment pollution by purchase), 6- Disengaged Functionalists- (Price sensitive consumers who prefer to purchase product satisfying their fundamental needs) (Deans, 2012). Market segmentation for the mobile device can be done in accordance with purchase and usage potentiality of customers. There is range of potential customers: young vs. old, affluent vs. modest income, heavy users vs. light users, technology lover’s vs. technophobes, etc who can be targeted by the mobile manufacturing

Criminology - Criminal Courts And Prisons Essay

Criminology - Criminal Courts And Prisons - Essay Example It will be possible to determine whether indeterminate sentences can be defended; and whether life should mean life. According to Criminal Justice Alliance (2012), Wales and England register the highest prison population in Western Europe, hence prison overcrowding. Although the prison estate has attempted to address this situation, no major results have been achieved. Prison overcrowding occurs when prisons have to house a bigger number of inmates compared to the number they were designed for (Ashworth 2010). In addition, when there is no investment in prison building programmes, this leads to lack of capacity to accommodate inmates. Furthermore, inefficient bureaucracies in the management of prisons might be the cause of prison overcrowding. In England and Wales, indeterminate sentences have been considered to contribute to prison overcrowding (Ashworth 2010). Judges in Britain sent many people to prison between 1951 and 1980. This contributed to the high level of prison overcrowding experienced in the late 1970’s. However, this declined considerably starting 1981. This was because other alternatives such as fines, punishment, cautions, and community sentences as forms of punishment were adopted (Politics.co.uk 2012). In 1991, the Woolf report predicted that prison population would double from 44, 000 to 83,000 by 2008 (The Howard League of Penal Reform 2013). This led to the adoption of new measures in prisons in order to help prevent prison population from rising rapidly. The main measure adopted was early release. This measure was put into practice for less than one year and this registered a considerable reduction in the prison population. However, when the measures were dropped, the prison population began to surge again. Plans by the government to address this issue have continued to be thwarted. In January 2011, the prison p opulation was 82,991, compared to its holding capacity of 87,936 (Politics.co.uk 2012). The existence

Women and their role in the labor movement and unions in Canadian History Essay Example for Free

Women and their role in the labor movement and unions in Canadian History Essay Equal employment policy for women stands at an historic juncture in the advanced industrial democracies. In Canada, a federal Human Rights Act went into effect March 1, 1978 . It not only established a commission to handle complaints of discrimination but also introduced the principle of equal pay for work of equal value, making possible the adjustment upward of womens wages based on a comparison of the rates of pay for women who work in dissimilar jobs. This represents a radical departure from similar policy in other countries. Four approaches to equal opportunity and equal pay policy stand out: collective agreements between trade unions and employers; a legal strategy emphasizing litigation; a legal strategy involving administrative enforcement; and general employment and training programs. The activities of womens organizations and of women in trade unions facilitated the achievement of equal opportunity policy through these means. The time, courage, and commitment which so many women have given to formulating, implementing, and fighting for equal pay and equal opportunity policies are the bedrock of the successes that have been achieved. This work will develop a heightened appreciation of the womens labor movement and consider its role in Canadian history. Since the 1900s, Canadian womens groups have remained strong and consistent voices for reforming or creating policies influencing labor policies. At the turn of the century, several womens groups were actively involved in social reform, but the most influential was the National Council of Women of Canada (NCWC). Founded in 1893, NCWC was established by middle-class women who believed that womens mothering and nurturing within the home could be transferred to the public sphere, resulting in more humane and progressive social policies. This ideology has been labeled maternal feminism. NCWC lobbied for childrens aid societies, mothers pensions, minimum age-of-work legislation, and curfew and truancy acts as strategies to reduce juvenile delinquency. Although members campaigned for jobs for women in social work, teaching, nursing, recreation, and police work, they undercut the same professional advances by insisting that womens most natural place was at home. Numerous other womens groups began in the early years of the twentieth century. For example, the Young Womens Christian Association focused on providing a safe place for young urban working women to live, and has continued to provide accommodation, community activities, and support groups for women and their families up to the present. The Womens Christian Temperance Union promoted child protection legislation and reformatories for juvenile delinquents, as well as fighting for the prohibition of alcohol which was viewed as detrimental to family life. The Canadian Federation of Womens Labor Leagues also focused on concrete reforms of working conditions such as maternity leave and equal pay for equal work. Womens groups flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, although most accepted the patriarchal family and worked within the tradition of volunteerism. Mary Corse, member of the ITUs womens auxiliary and co-founder of the Womens Labor League in Calgary, was the lone candidate to win a seat on the school board. All other eleven candidates were defeated. After a spring of distraction and a summer of preparation, the Calgary branch of the Dominion Labor Party (DLP) came into being in September 1919. Its model was the Alberta DLP, formed eight months earlier, and both branches adopted a constitution and platform loosely based on those of the British Labor Party. Local labor figures were quick to point out this connection. The meeting concluded with the election of Pryde as party president, Alice Corliss as vice-president, and Edith Patterson as secretary-treasurer. This strong representation of women in senior positions in all, three of the seven executive officials were women would be an enduring feature of the DLP throughout the 1920s. According to historian Roome (1989), the Calgary DLP had a core of fifty to seventy-five active female members, consisting of single working women usually teachers or journalists and married women belonging to union auxiliaries. A Canadian-American Womens Committee on International Relations made up of the Womens Committee on International Relations of Canada and the U.S. National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War had been established to examine problems of joint concern to women. It held a conference in Montreal in April 1943 which was attended by seventy delegates. Frances Perkins, Margaret Bondfield, Rose Schneiderman, and several senior members of the ILO staff (including the Acting Director and Assistant Director) addressed the conference and discussed the wartime activities of the ILO. A round table session, at which Elizabeth Mayer Johnstone reviewed the wide gains of women during the war, gave special attention to the problems of domestic workers. A second potential influence on attitudes was the re-emergence of feminist activity in Canada during the 1960s. Second-wave feminism has challenged the many social and economic barriers to womens full participation in public life and widened womens experiences, aspirations and social expectations. The womens movement in Canada incorporates many different forms of feminist philosophies (for example liberal feminism, radical feminism and socialist feminism) which have all contributed to the policy objectives of the womens movement and constructed a â€Å"feminist† agenda for social change. Although the focus of these different strains is distinct and they have, at times, come into conflict with each other, they can often be found within a single movement organization such as National Action Committee on the Status of Women (NAC). The contemporary womens movement in Canada has benefited immeasurably from a long tradition of womens voluntary associations. Religious groups such as the Anglican Church Women, the United Church Women, and the Catholic Womens League, and other groups such as the National Womens Institutes (a national organization of largely rural and small town women), the National Council of Women, the Canadian Federation of University Women, the Imperial Orders of Daughters of the Empire, and the Fà ©dà ©ration des femmes de Quà ©bec, have been in existence long enough to have built national networks of women with some interlocking memberships and considerable ongoing exchange of information. The NAC developed from a coalition of these and other trade union and professional women. The improvement of equal pay laws in Canada owes much to a voluntary organization NAC. An umbrella organization with a membership consisting of approximately 130 Canadian organizations, NAC has a combined membership of about 5 million women. NAC later expanded its agenda and became an active lobbyist on behalf of the concerns of Canadian women. Since its inception in 1972, the organization has been active in the struggle for improved labor legislation, including the enactment into Canadian federal law of the ILO Convention 100 concept of equal remuneration for work of equal value. The main impetus for NACs formation came out of the pressure put on the prime minister of Canada and his cabinet by a group of leading Canadian women to create a Royal Commission on the Status of Women (RCSW). Royal commissions in Canada perform an important role in the study of special issues—from taxation, to the relations of labor and capital, to national security. The commissions vary widely in their composition and goals but the approach of most is similar. They research the issue, hold public hearings across the country, receive briefs, and make recommendations for legislative and administrative reform. On the matter of equal pay, this commissions recommendations were strong and sweeping. As a result, in 1973 the federal government appointed a Minister Responsible for the Status of Women and a government department (Status of Women Canada) to co-ordinate efforts to promote the advancement of women. Because women are closely aligned with children and family, numerous family policy issues have been promoted. In the same year, the federal government established the Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women (CACSW), a para-governmental organization to advise government and inform the public through research and education. For over twenty years, the CACSW researched and analyzed numerous issues relating to family policy, such as reproduction, family law, child care, and employment leave for family responsibilities. After the 1995 cut-backs, however, the CACSW was dissolved and some of its functions merged with government. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, provincial advisory councils also monitored womens status and provided research and information on family issues. Feminist groups have also initiated and developed important family services at the local level, especially transition houses for women and their children fleeing from abusive homes. While the shelter movement began as a feminist alternative to mainstream social services, many transition houses now receive government funding. By the mid-1980s, however, womens groups focused more on preventing the erosion of social programs than on pushing for new ones, with greater public concern over government spending and a backlash against feminism. Since 1983, the conservative group REAL Women of Canada (Real, Equal and Active for Life) has argued that the state is undermining the traditional family by responding to alternative lifestyles and by funding interest groups such as NAC. REAL Women, with roots in the western Canada anti-abortion or pro-life movement and in fundamentalist Christianity, promotes stronger government support for home-makers but opposes abortion, liberal divorce laws, pay equity, and universal day care. Several recent innovative initiatives are worthy of note. In June of 1995, after a year of intense planning, three branches of the 10-day Quà ©bec Womens March Against Poverty converged on the National Assembly in Quà ©bec City to join 15,000 supporters. This March was initiated by the Fà ©dà ©ration des femmes du Quà ©bec, and organized by more than 40 groups including unions, anti-poverty groups, immigrant groups and womens organizations. The March was quite a success: in response to their nine demands, the Quà ©bec government agreed to raise the minimum wage; to introduce a proactive pay equity law; to deduct child support payments automatically; to set aside 5 per cent of social housing for poor women and five places for every 15 in non-traditional trades; to reduce the length of sponsorship for immigrant women; to allocate money to the social economy to generate jobs; to extend basic employment standards to those on workfare; and to freeze student fees. Building on this initiative, NAC and the CLC sponsored a national womens March Against Poverty For bread and roses, for jobs and justice in May and June of 1996. Caravans traveled to Ottawa from both the west and east coast stopping in over 100 communities. The March ended with a two-day womens Tent City and a protest rally of over 40,000 women at Parliament Hill which demonstrated against the right wing corporate and government agenda. The Canadian union movement was actively involved in building the World March of Women launched on 8 March 2000 and culminating on 17 October 2000, the International Day for the Elimination of Poverty. This worldwide activity endorsed by over 200 countries and 2200 organisations was initiated by the Fà ©dà ©ration des femmes du Quà ©bec modelled on their successful 1995 March. Over the past century, Canadian womens groups have made a strong impact on policy reform. The socialization explanation argues that the impact of the movement and the policy positions promoted by womens groups during this second wave of feminist activity, have led to growing differences in womens and mens attitudes. The Canadian womens movement has acted as an advocate for many political issues touching the lives of women. Social welfare policies, and questions of international and domestic force and violence along with feminism and equality issues have frequently been found on the movements agenda. By conveying pro-women policy positions to politicians and the general public through lobbying efforts, the mass media, and the educational system, the movement has become an active agent of socialization in society, providing a political space in which women can reconceptualize their social identity. Trade union women worked with community based feminist groups, both to build coalitions around key issues such as childcare and pay equity, and to pressure the union movement to respond to the feminist challenge. Canadian womens movement have had an important impact on the politics and practices of the Canadian life, weakening the tendency towards individualistic solutions and introducing (and reintroducing) a class perspective. Coalition strategies both respond to and highlight the significance of diversity in the Canadian context, that is, they represent recognition of power dynamics and an organizational alternative to homogeneous organizations. Whatever the debates about the â€Å"success† of the womens movement or about a perceived growing backlash against feminist goals, there is little doubt that in Canada it has greatly altered the political agenda and has helped pioneer new forms of political action. It has indeed brought â€Å"the personal† into the political arena. Works Cited Ball A. â€Å"Organizing Working Women: The Womens Labor Leagues.† Canadian Dimension 21(8): 1988. Cohen M. â€Å"The Canadian Womens Movement†. In Pierson et al., 1993. Everitt, Joanna â€Å"The Gender Gap in Canada: Now You See It, Now You Dont.† Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology. Vol.: 35 (2), 1998. Kealey, Gregory S., and Peter Warrian, eds. Essays in Canadian Working Class History. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1976. Kearney, Kathryn. â€Å"Canadian Women and the First World War,† Canadian Woman Studies 3 (1), 1981. Palmer, Bryan D. Working-Class Experience: Rethinking the History of Canadian Labor, 1800-1991. 2nd ed. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1992. Roome, Patricia. â€Å"Amelia Turner and Calgary Labor Women,† in Beyond the Vote: Canadian Women and Politics, ed. Linda Kealey and Joan Sangster,. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989. REAL Women of Canada. Brief to Members of Parliament. 18 November 1986. Vickers, J., P. Rankin and C. Appelle. Politics as if Women Mattered: A Political Analysis of the National Action Committee on the Status of Women. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Pr. 1993.

PEST Analysis (Political, Economic, Social & Technical Analysis) Essay

PEST Analysis (Political, Economic, Social & Technical Analysis) A PEST analysis (also sometimes called STEP, STEEP or PESTLE analysis) looks at the external business environment. In fact, it would be better to call this kind of analysis a business environmental analysis but the acronym PEST is easy to remember and so has stuck. PEST stands for Political, Economic, Sociocultural and Technological. (Technological factors in this case, include ecological and environmental aspects - the second E in STEEP and PESTLE, while the L in PESTLE stands for legal). The analysis examines the impact of each of these factors (and their interplay with each other) on the business. The results can then be used to take advantage of opportunities and to make contingency plans for threats when preparing business and strategic plans. You need to consider each PEST factor as they all play a part in determining your overall business environment. Thus, when looking at political factors you should consider the impact of any political or legislative changes that could affect your business. If you are operating in more than one country then you will need to look at each country in turn. Political factors include aspects such as laws on maternity rights, data protection and even environmental policy: these three examples alone have an on impact employment terms, information access, product specification and business processes in many businesses globally. Obviously politicians don't operate in a vacuum...

Cross Cultural Psychology Essay

Cross cultural psychology is a sub-discipline within the wide psychology discipline that is concerned with the cultural factors that affects the behavior of human beings. Cross cultural psychology looks at the behavior of humans and its relationship with the mental processes. The behaviors are studies in the context of the cultural conditions taking into consideration the variations in the cultural influences. Since the early 1970s when the International Association of Cross-Cultural Psychology was founded, the field of study has continuously grown. Numerous researches have been carried out since then as the number of scholars in the field increase. Most of the research in this field has concentrated on how behaviors of individuals vary depending on their cultural background. The research has been prompted by the large variation on individual behaviors around the world with people from the same culture exhibiting a characteristic behavior (Berry, et al, 1992). Cross cultural psychology is quite different from other fields of psychology. Almost all other fields of psychology looks at the how the behaviors of the individual are influenced by their parent, their peers and generally people around them. However, they do not take into consideration the powerful effect of culture on the behaviors of people. While looking at the behaviors of different people, cross cultural psychology takes into account this powerful influence of culture. Some of the most important topics covered in the cross cultural psychology include child rearing, personality and language development (Ho & Wo, 2001). Culture and cross culture psychology Cross cultural psychology is closely related to culture psychology. Cultural psychology is a branch of psychology that is based on the assumption that the culture and mind of an individual cannot be separated. It looks at how the cultures and social practices in a certain society influence the psyche of individuals. It is therefore mainly concerned with the impacts of the traditions and cultures of the society on the mind of individuals resulting into unity of humankind (Shore, 1996). However, the two branches of psychology are very distinct though they are closely related. This is because the cross cultural psychology is mainly used in psychology as a measure of how the psychological processes in individuals are universal in a certain cultural setting rather than testing the influence of the culture and traditions on the psychological processes. Therefore, cross cultural psychology will seek to explain why stages of human development may be universal when different cultures are considered while cultural psychology focus on the influence of culture and traditions on the cognitive development of individuals (Heine, et al, 2002). In the past few years, there has been some collision between cultural and cross cultural psychologists. This has been as a result of recent studies that indicate the differences in attentions, cognition, perception and self when Americans and Asians are considered. The cultural psychologists have been criticized as a result of these research and accused of cultural stereotyping. They have responded to these accusations blaming the criticism on the increased emphasis of psychologists on cross cultural studies. The cultural psychologists have defended their finding since their research is based on ethnographic and tangible evidence while the cross cultural findings are based on laboratory findings (Masuda & Nisbett, 2001). Critical thinking in Cross Culture Psychology Cross cultural psychology research has indicated that people from Western Europe and North American culture think more critically when compared to people from Asia. Individuals from Asian cultures have been found to be faced with difficulties in the development of informed opinion or argument. They have limited ability to judge an argument or arrive to conclusions by integrating the information available and reject or accept the argument. Cross cultural psychology research has played an important role in the explanation of these variations in individuals from different cultures (Shiraev & Levy, 2006). Cultures have different ideal qualities that are considered desirable which are the main sources of variation in the level of critical thinking. For example, obedience and religious standards are considered the ideal qualities in the Asia societies. On the other hand, independence of thought and the ability to develop one owns opinions on different issues are considered to be undesirable in the society. Cross culture psychologists have suggested this to be one of the reasons why the Asians have difficulties in critical thinking (Shiraev & Levy, 2006). Methodologies in cross culture research Despite cross cultural psychology playing an important role in the explanation of the cultural aspects that affects the behaviors of individuals; it has experienced several methodology and theoretical challenges. This has been as a result of misunderstanding of the relationship between the cultural issues in the society and psychology. This misunderstanding has obscured the relationship between psychology and biological and cultural aspects of the individual. Other challenges are related measurements and definitions of cultural aspects that effect individuals and errors on data analysis and interpretation (Ratner, 2003). There is no doubt that methodology is an important aspect of cross cultural psychology. Cross cultural psychology is mainly based on positivistic methodologies. On the other hand, cultural psychology mainly focuses on humanistic methodologies which are based on the classical hermeneutic psychology. Positivistic methodologies have resulted in research on the relationship between culture and psychology being in line with basic principles of analysis. However, measurement and analysis based on positivistic methodologies principles in many cases obscure the cultural and traditions features and origin of behaviors and psychological aspects of an individual (Ratner, 2003). Cross cultural psychologists are for the argument that if the conclusions drawn from the research has to be accurate and reliable, the methodologies used which includes the materials used as well as the conditions should have the ability to stimulate the social environment of the people. However, many researchers in this field of psychology in many cases use artificial materials in spite of the caution. The reason why psychologists use these materials is because of the ease at which they can be controlled or calibrated. However, if positivist methodologies have to be effective, the measurement and analysis of the data stimuli must be as simple as possible, easy to manipulate, not vague and quantifiable. This is because it is possible to obtain more straightforward and quantitative responses. It has been found that artificial test materials and conditions though unfamiliar fit better when compared to natural circumstances and are thus preferred by many cross cultural psychologists (Ratner, 2003). Conclusion Cross cultural psychology is an important branch of psychology. It seeks to explain the relationship between the culture and traditions of the people and the behaviors of the individuals. This field of psychology has received a lot of attention in the last three decades due to criticisms against cultural psychology. Reference Berry, J. W. , Poortinga, Y. H. , Segall, M. H. , & Dasen, P. R. (1992). Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Heine, S. J. , Lehman, D. R. , Peng, K. , & Greenholtz, J. (2002). â€Å"What’s wrong with cross-cultural comparisons of subjective Likert scales: The reference-group problem. † Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, pp 903-918. Ho, D. Y. F. , & Wu, M. (2001). â€Å"Introduction to cross-cultural psychology. † In L. L. Adler & U. P. Gielen (Eds. ), Cross-cultural topics in psychology, pp. 3-13. Westport, CT: Praeger. Masuda, T. , & Nisbett, R. A. (2001). â€Å"Attending holistically versus analytically: Comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. † Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 922–934. Ratner, C. (2003)†Theoretical and Methodological Problems in Cross-Cultural Psychology. † Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior 33, pp. 67-94. Shiraev, E. & Levy, D. (2006). Cross- Cultural Psychology: Critical Thinking and Contemporary Applications, ISBN: 0205474322; Allyn & Bacon Shore, B. (1996). Culture in mind: Cognition, culture and the problem of meaning. New York: Oxford University Press

The Conflict and Struggles in Iraq Essay - 1581 Words

The Conflict and Struggles in Iraq Throughout history, the United States has attempted to overthrow corrupt government in other areas of the world and instating democracies such as ours. What the United States fails to realize is that reforms in a country’s political structure do not occur overnight, but rather to enforce these new changes, money and time is required. Sometimes the money and time seem to be more than we as a country bargain for, but I am a firm believer that you finish what you start. Right now the conflict is in Iraq, where many Americans are angry at the amount of money and time that we are dedicating to installing a democratic government after the overthrow of their dictatorship. As a country, we†¦show more content†¦That reality likely will give us a nation that looks politically, and perhaps religiously, very much like its next-door neighbor – Iran† (A8). Are we as a country content with having another Iran over in the Middle East? Or should we attempt to set Iraq apart and advocate these democratic changes? Even in the Iraqi Constitution God’s power and Allah is mentioned, which is a concept totally foreign to Americans. Here is the United States, religion is personal and our way of life is not structured by religion. Over in the entire Middle East, not simply Iraq, their culture and life is consumed by religion. As the Ayatollah Khomeini said, â€Å"Islam is politics or it is nothing† (7). The Gulf War changed America’s views on war itself, for we went in and obtained our desired immediate results. There were close to no casualties, and now we view war with the mindset of instant gratification. Granted, the Iraqi war lasted less than six months, and there have been more post-war casualties than there were in the duration of this war, but Americans are still getting impatient at the thought of being in Iraq for more than a year. 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